Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, Healthcare, Neurology

Understanding Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: The Deadly Brain Fever

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), commonly known as amoebic brain fever, is an extremely severe condition caused by an amoeba that infects the brain. This infection is notorious for its high fatality rate, with approximately 90% of patients not surviving the illness. Where is the Amoeba Found? The amoeba typically thrives in warm, stagnant water sources, including: Ponds and lakes. Slow-moving rivers with minimal current. Unchlorinated or poorly maintained swimming pools. The presence of this amoeba often increases during the summer months when water temperatures rise. How Does Infection Occur? Infection happens when contaminated water enters the body through the nose…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, Healthcare, Ophthalmology

Understanding Cataracts and Modern Stitchless Surgery Options

The crystalline lens is a vital part of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina to create clear images. When this lens loses its transparency—a process known as opacification—the condition is called a cataract. Types of Cataracts Cataracts can be classified into several categories based on how they develop: Congenital Cataract: Present from birth. Senile Cataract: Developed as a natural part of the aging process. Traumatic Cataract: Caused by an injury or accident to the eye. Modern Treatment: Cataract Surgery Once a cataract develops, the primary treatment is surgical intervention. The goal of surgery is to remove the…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Healthcare

Immunotherapy – A Game Changer In Cancer Care

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking shift in the treatment of cancer, harnessing the body's own immune system to combat malignancies. Unlike traditional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation that directly target cancer cells, immunotherapy works by enhancing the immune response, allowing the body to recognize and destroy cancer more effectively. Here are some common types of immunotherapy: Checkpoint Inhibitors: These medicines take off the “brakes” on the immune system, letting it attack cancer more easily. PD-L1 inhibitors are a class of drugs used in immunotherapy, specifically targeting the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein found on the surface of some cancer…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, Healthcare, Neurosurgery

Stitchless Day Care Surgery for Disc Prolapse

Intervertebral disc prolapse can be a painful and debilitating condition. However, modern neurosurgery has evolved to offer highly advanced, minimally invasive solutions that make recovery faster and easier than ever before. Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy is at the forefront of this medical revolution. What is Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy? This procedure is a cutting-edge, minimally invasive spine surgery specifically designed to treat disc prolapse. By using an endoscope, surgeons can address the problematic disc with incredible precision through a very small opening. Key Advantages of the Procedure Choosing this advanced surgical method offers several life-improving benefits: Day-Care Surgery: The entire…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Healthcare

Understanding Tympanoplasty: Surgical Treatment for Chronic Ear Infections

A very common issue encountered in ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) practice is persistent discharge or pus from the ear. This condition is frequently caused by Chronic Otitis Media (COM), which involves a perforation or hole in the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Symptoms of a Perforated Eardrum When there is a hole in the eardrum, patients typically experience two main symptoms: Persistent Pus: Continuous or recurring discharge from the ear. Hearing Loss: A noticeable decrease in the ability to hear clearly. What is Tympanoplasty? Tympanoplasty is the surgical procedure performed to repair a perforated eardrum and eliminate chronic infection. A common…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, General Medicine, Healthcare

Secondary Dengue Infection: Why the Second Time is More Dangerous

Dengue fever is a common viral infection, but many people are unaware that contracting it a second time can be significantly more dangerous than the first. This condition is known as secondary dengue. What is Secondary Dengue? Secondary dengue occurs when a person who has previously been infected with the dengue virus becomes infected again. There are four distinct variants or "serotypes" of the dengue virus. Lifelong Immunity: Once you are infected with one specific serotype, your body develops lifelong immunity to that particular variant. The Second Infection: When you are infected a second time, it is usually by a…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Healthcare

CAR T-cell Immunotherapy: Hope For Refractory Rheumatic Diseases

CAR T-cell therapy, a cutting-edge immunotherapy, was initially developed to treat specific blood cancers. However, it is now undergoing clinical trials to explore its potential for treating rheumatic diseases. This procedure involves genetically modifying T cells from a patient to expressing  a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), allowing the T cells to recognize and attach to specific antigens (proteins) on target cells, such as B cells in autoimmune diseases. These CAR T-cells, once activated, can reset the immune system and may lead to remission of the disease. Although CAR T therapy is precise and offers durable outcomes with the possibility of…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, Healthcare, Nephrology

Can You Stop Dialysis Once You Start? Understanding Kidney Recovery

A common concern for patients facing kidney issues is whether starting dialysis means they will be on it for the rest of their lives. To answer this, it is important to understand what dialysis does and why it is prescribed. Dialysis is a medical procedure where a machine takes over the function of the kidneys when they are no longer able to work effectively. Temporary vs. Permanent Kidney Failure Whether dialysis can be stopped depends largely on the nature of the kidney damage: Temporary Kidney Failure: If the kidney failure is temporary (acute kidney injury), there is a high probability…
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Dr. KM Cherian Institute Of Medical Sciences Articles, Healthcare, Ophthalmology

Understanding Common Refractive Errors: Why Is Your Vision Blurred?

The most common cause of preventable blindness worldwide is refractive errors. These conditions occur when the shape of your eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). Types of Refractive Errors There are several distinct types of refractive errors, each affecting vision differently based on how light enters the eye: Myopia (Short-sightedness): In a myopic eye, light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, making distant objects appear blurry. Hypermetropia (Long-sightedness): Here, light rays focus behind the retina, which often causes difficulty seeing objects up…
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